What Is the Importance of Studying Sociology - 967 Words

What is the importance of studying sociology? Of the various social sciences, sociology seems to be the youngest. It is gradually developing. Still it has remarkable progress. Its uses are recognized widely today. In modern times, there is a growing realization of the importance of the scientific study of social phenomena and the means of promoting what Prof. Giddings calls human adequacy (human welfare). The study of sociology has a great value especially in modern complex society. Some of the uses of sociology are as follows. 1. Sociology studies society in a scientific way. Before the emergence of sociology, there was no systematic and scientific attempt to study human society with all its complexities. Sociology has made it†¦show more content†¦But sociology has now become practical enough to be practiced outside of academic halls, areas of application of sociology in schools and colleges. Careers apart from teaching are now possible in sociology, which are coming more international levels. 8. The need for the study of sociology is greater especially in underdeveloped countries. Sociologists have now drawn the attention of economists regarding the social factors that have contributed to the economic backwardness of a few countries. Economists have now realized the importance of sociological knowledge in analyzing the economic affairs of country. 9. The study of society is of paramount importance in solving social problems. The present world is best with several social problems of great magnitude like poverty, beggary, unemployment, prostitution, over population, family disorganization, community disorganization, racial problems, crime, juvenile delinquency, gambling alcoholism, youth unrest, untouchability etc. A careful analysis of these problems is necessary in order to solve them. Sociology provides such an analysis. 10. Sociological knowledge is necessary for understanding and planning of society. Social planning has been made easier by sociology. Sociology is often considered a vehicle of social reform and social reorganization. It plays an important role in the reconstruction of society. 11. Study of society has helped several governments to promote the welfare of the tribalShow MoreRelatedSociology Is The Scientific Study Of Society And Human Behavior895 Words   |  4 Pagesto the Marriam Webster dictionary, the simple definition of sociology is â€Å"the study of society, social institution, and social relationships. Based on the textbook, â€Å"sociology is the scientific study of society and human behavior† (G-6). Through the two definitions, one can deduce that the study of Sociology is a discipline that explains and analysis the human culture in terms of their social relationships and social institutions. Sociology is a study that explains the social world which human beingsRead MoreDifference Between Max Weber And Emile Durkheim1286 Words   |  6 PagesTwo of the fathers of sociology, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, each worked to establish sociology as a distinct subject of study. However, their understandings of the underpinnings of sociology, and therefore the methods best used to study it, were very different. Together, they give the modern sociologist competing, yet complimentary, tools with which to understand social phenomena. When writing his book, Suicide: A Study in Sociology, Emile Durkheim wanted to show that empirical data could be usedRead MoreThe Social Setting Within Jelly s1438 Words   |  6 Pagesfinally be able to spend time at a nice restaurant with old friends instead of down at that old liquor store. LM: From what you wrote about in your book it didn’t seem like a good place to eat. I hope the food and service here is better. How did you like your time there? EA: I enjoyed spending that time in Jelly’s. The people were very interesting, and I got a lot out of studying them. By the end of my work I really felt like I was a part of that community, instead of an outsider trying to fit inRead MoreThe Social Action Theory and Symbolic Interactionism Essay918 Words   |  4 Pagesattention to the importance of the individual and their conscious actions. It does not however place enough emphasis on class divisions, as it tends to concentrate more on status. Symbolic interactionists reject structure and believe that to study society, the only way to do so is to concentrate on the individual. Both theories believe in understanding the individual through the use of empathy. George Herbert Mead was mainly concerned with the importance of languageRead MoreMoral Value Of Science By Max Weber Essay1575 Words   |  7 Pagesare seen as two comparative analysts in regards to the issue of sociology history. 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Weber’s main message in this piece is that that social sciences should be equivalent to natural sciences, and in order to do so, laws should be made within the field. Secondly, he wanted to bring history and sociology together with causal relationships, in doing so he would also analyze the individual’s social action. He mentions that action is only social when it is oriented to theRead MorePolitics Is A Sphere Of Human Activity1098 Words   |  5 PagesWhen people hear the word â€Å"politics†, one would think of governments, elections, or or manipulation. Unfortunately, this isn’t what politics really is. There isn t a definite answer to what politics is. â€Å"Politics was a sphere of human activity peculiarly dependent upon truth.† (Elshtain.J, 1997: p.36). Politics is an activity or a discipline that is out there in public. Politics is a living subject that tends to give one peace and collaboration. 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Analysis Of The Book Disgrace By J.m Coetzee - 968 Words

J.M Coetzee is a distinguished author who has written over sixteen novels and has even won a nobel prize for his inspiring work. Coetzee is best known for his controversial novel Disgrace. A story that captivates its readers and keeps them on their toes. The setting takes place in South Africa during the post apartheid era. A time where people were divided into races and whites held power over the minority. The protagonist David Lurie is a college professor who lives a promiscuous double life. Sleeps with different women, but never feels nothing more than a physical connection towards them. David finally gets the sparks he’s been waiting for after he begins a sexual relationship with one of his students. The relationship between David and the student quickly expires after her boyfriend finds out, as a result; the student has no choice but to report her teacher for sexual harassment. After David is reported, he tries to plea for forgiveness at an school council meeting. The boa rd decides to fire David for inappropriate conduct and forces him to flea the country. He finds refuge with his daughter Lucy who has been living on a farm by herself. David see’s this downfall as an opportunity to mend a broken relationship, but things only get worse when rapists break in their home and impregnate Lucy. David sustains serious injuries as an result of the attack, and the relationship between the father and daughter is salvaged. The plot thickens when Lucy decides to keep the child andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Disgrace 1108 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Disgrace by J.M. Coetzee In J.M. Coetzee’s 1999 novel â€Å"Disgrace† we can see the life of a father and a daughter who both go through life changing events. While the father, David Lurie, is accused of rape because of sleeping with a student, his daughter Lucie Lurie is actually raped by three black men. The setting of this book is in post-apartheid South Africa, where we can see that the problem this setting faces is how blacks and white can live together. In this book there is the use

Franklin D. Roosevelt vs. Barack Obama Free Essays

Franklin D. Roosevelt vs. Barack Obama The economy of the 1930s was a devastating financial situation that the American public will never forget. We will write a custom essay sample on Franklin D. Roosevelt vs. Barack Obama or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, this doesn’t mean that history will cease to repeat itself. The political policies of Franklin Delano Roosevelt are often acknowledged for the relief of our country’s depression and some of which are still in effect today. To avoid our current recession, will Barack Obama choose to base his policies off of FDR’s in hopes that the same plan will work twice? There are some similarities and differences between the political action today and the action during the Great Depression. Within just the first 99 days of his election as President, Roosevelt’s New Deal was put into action with the support of Congress. The New Deal was proposed to help relieve those who were unemployed or in danger of losing their homes and recover agriculture and business. Programs such as the Tennessee Valley Authority, Social Security, and Medicare were created because of Roosevelt’s action in the Great Depression. Herbert Hoover, the preceding president, did not feel that government spending should be given directly to citizens. He believed that ‘helping’ the American people in this way would actually hurt their morale and cause them to become more like a socialist nation. Certain ideas such as enforcing fixed pricing, controlling businesses, and manipulating the value of currency were suggested and quickly declined by Hoover who believed all were Socialist ideas. Though many people saw Hoover as an evil man that refused to give away federal money, he was actually quite accurate with his predictions. For example, Welfare, which is a program used today that was created in the New Deal, is often misused today by people who are capable of working, but are too lazy to actually make their own income source. I believe that a lot of Americans today are spoon fed because of the government ‘help’ that they receive. Though Roosevelt did help in the Great Depression, his temporary ideas were turned into permanent solutions that have caused new damages today. Now our current President is forced with the decision to either help the public with temporary ideas like Roosevelt’s or look out for what is best for our future like Hoover. It’s not an easy decision. Barack Obama has made an impact in our economy in areas similar to Franklin Roosevelt. He has created jobs and packages, like Obamacare, that he believes will help American citizens. Obama helped bail out the auto industries similar to how Roosevelt helped bail out the banks during the depression. However, Barack passed the Wall Street Reform (which helped the American financial system be less confusing and more apparent) to make sure that we would never have to bail out the banks again. Barack has also eliminated tax breaks for companies who ship overseas to try and promote American companies to create more jobs for the citizens who are here. In his term, Obama has added over 479,000 jobs which is the most growth we’ve had in a decade. He has spoken many times on how he plans to build â€Å"from the middle class out† rather than from the top down. Our middle class is of high importance to Barack and because of this, he has gained a tremendous support from the public. It seems that our current president has taken a few ideas from Roosevelt with the added caution of the foreseeable future. Our country looks like it’s headed in the right direction, but we may never know whether the help provided will be temporary until we live through it. As citizens, it would be the best for us to learn how to live on our own without the help of our government. If we were to become too dependent on our welfare checks or social security, then we could end up being controlled instead of governing ourselves. The best solution would to be to save our money and work hard at what we do. Though it may seem that there are no jobs available to us at the moment, we do have to trust that the companies around us will see it better to provide domestic jobs rather than sending them overseas. Though I don’t entirely agree with how Franklin D. Roosevelt tried to solve the Great Depression, I have to admit that what he did he thought he was doing for the best. Great presidents like Obama, Roosevelt, and even Hoover are great because they think of us and not themselves. How to cite Franklin D. Roosevelt vs. Barack Obama, Papers

Performance Management Process An Important Tool In Organization Succ

Question: Describe how will you use the knowledge you have gained in this course to change the way you interact and do business in the future? Answer: Introduction Organizational behavior is a methodical study that scrutinizes the influence that individuals, groups, structure have on behavior within an organization. It is the application of knowledge which reveals how an individual behaves in an organization in certain condition. It can be broadly classified in three levels, namely, micro level (individual behavior), meso level (Workgroup behavior) and macro level (how an organization behaves). An organization is defined as a group of people interconnected together to achieve a common goal i.e. growth of an organization. It has been observed by various researchers that individuals behave differently in an organization as compared to their daily lives. The importance of studying organizational behavior is to maximize productivity, minimize absenteeism and enhance employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment. (Bernstein, 2016) Performance management It is defined as a process through which the leaders and supervisors monitor the performance of their employee or subordinates to increase the growth of an organization. It typically includes performance appraisal and employee development which boost up their confidence and motivates them to work much better. The underlying principle for performance management is as follows: Effective performance management is a tool for success as it helps organizations and institutions to progress better. It is a shared commitment to a high level of performance. It balances accountability at organizational and individual levels as well. The focus is given to continuous learning and effective performance. It is based on clearly defined core competencies for supervisors, managers and supporting staff. (Carley Dean Behrens, 1999) Performance Management Process: A step by step procedure through which we monitor the performance of an employee at the organizational level is termed as a Performance Management process. (Adkin Jeff Alexander, 2013) There are four basic steps (shown in Fig 1) involved in this process which are as follows: Performance planning Feedback Employee Input erformance review Figure 1 - Process of Performance Management Before starting the process of performance management it is important to gather all necessary information and data required in the process, e.g. strategic plan of an organization, job description of an employee, operational plan of organization and last year appraisal data. Also it is required to prepare the staff for the process for which they should be explained the purpose and importance of performance appraisal. Performance Planning The first step of performance management is to plan the process that how the performance will be monitored. (Management, 2016) A pre-planned questionnaire is set up which contains the following queries whenever the performance appraisal is being done which are discussed below: What are the main responsibilities of the employee? What are important and least important job responsibilities that an employee has? How to track whether the employee is progressing? How employees work together in a team and with the manager? Contribution of employee to achieve goals in an organization. Does an employee need to acquire new skills or technology? What is the level of authority he holds? The outcomes of these queries will help in the enhancement of the employees performance and thus will increase the growth of an organization. Also with these a poor performer and manager can be tracked. (HR Washington State team, 2012) Possible outcomes The barriers that employee is facing can be discussed with the manager and together they can work upon that to overcome it. Job task and responsibilities are assigned to the employee who has potential to solve it. The employee will be able to understand how his potential can be used to achieve the goals of the organization. Performance planning can be explained with a real life example of a customer service. Customer service is a very critical factor considered in the growth of any organization, because whatever profit we get into a business is due to that customer only and we need to satisfy their requirements. So in this case it is very important to plan performance strategies which can be implemented to improve the customer services. Ongoing Feedback Feedback is the process of sharing personal reviews on any given situation, thing or queries. The most important task that is followed in any organization to see where they stand, what the performance ratings are, and what can be done to improve the services. It is two way communication process in which manager and employee have joint responsibility which requires training in their roles and responsibilities. The manager is responsible for providing feedback in a productive, upfront and suitable manner. The employee is responsible includes looking feedback to make sure they understand how their performance is and reaction to the feedback they receive. Having effectual performance conversations between employees and manager is the most important determinant of whether or not a performance management system will achieve the benefits from a development point of view. (ASHRAF, 2002) As per research it has been observed that the organization where feedback process is conducted on a daily basis, the performance level is higher as compared to others. The following strategy should be kept in mind to achieve successful feedback: One should keep a check on the behavior effectiveness. Plan steps collaboratively to address development needs. The employees view should be taken into consideration as it happens sometimes that different people have their own perspective and good ideas to solve a problem. Also taking view from an employee will make them feel valuable. Stress should be given on what a person can do and what he cannot do. They should be provided resources and help whenever it is required. Input from employee Employee input is vital in the performance management process and is used effectively. For these employees are given performance appraisal form in which they have to write about their projects which they have done, their achievements and their participation in extracurricular activities (it shows their activeness). (Robin, 1967). So, it is required that performance appraisal form should be designed as such that covers all the points. Guidelines Performance of employee in some uncertain situation. Actions taken by him to tackle the situation (will show his attitude either positive or negative). How his actions in completion of work affected the organization. Benefits It will increase the understanding and communication between employee and manager. The Manager will recognize what and how their employee is doing to achieve organizational goals. Employee generated input will make the manager work easy to maintain information that which employee worked better. Most importantly promotion and salary hikes are based on the achievement of employee. Involving employees in such process will make them feel valuable and will get recognition. Performance Review The final task in the performance management process is performance review in which performance of employees will be rated. After the discussion between the manager and employee regarding all the achievements at the individual level and organizational level as well, it is checked, how an employee worked to achieve the target, what was expected and how he performed. The performance review is successful, if the following conditions are met: Manager and employee should work collaboratively. The employee should write about all his projects and achievements in detail. The manager should use his interpersonal skills to properly conduct the review process and gives it equal importance. Most importantly the objective of the process of performance should be clearly understood, i.e. to improve and monitor the performance of employee to enhance the growth of an organization. Case Study: An educational institutions performance management process In any educational institution, the main objective is imparting quality education to the students to prepare them for industrial work. So to achieve this target it becomes important to check that faculty is doing their task properly or not for which performance management plays a vital role. In every session a performance management process is conducted in which employee gives details about their academic achievement, their participation in institutional activities, faculty development programs, conferences and workshop they attended to enhance their skills. Also a feedback form is given to students where they have to write about their expectation from faculty (they get it or not). After the performance management process is done, a review process is conducted in which employee performance is rated and those who lagging behind are suggested to improve. Thus, the performance management process becomes successful. (Rathi, 2012) Implementation of Performance Management Process to achieve Business objectives As stated above the process of performance management is beneficial in enhancing the growth of an organization, it should be implemented in all the organizations. With this process, employee and manager relationship will get strengthened up and will boost the morale of employees to work much better. When an employee gets the recognition in his organization for their achievement boosts their confidence and gives a motivation to give his best to the organization to achieve the performance goals. (Successfactors Team, 2016) Summary This paper is about organizational behavior and its importance which influences the working environment of an organization. One of the most important aspects, i.e. Performance Management Process is discussed in detail. It is a four step process, mainly Planning, feedback, employee Input and Review. It is well explained by an example of an educational Institution. To end up, Performance Management Process is critical, but plays a vital role in the growth of an organization. Bibliography Adkin, T., Jeff Alexander. (2013). Managing Employee Performance. Human Resources Management Tools. Retrieved from https://www.workinculture.ca/getmedia/b5d7bb5c-57d8-4c4a-9e37-b0af8e8eb55d/toolsManagingEmployeePerformance.pdf.aspx ASHRAF, T. (2002). ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR. unesco. Retrieved from https://www.unesco.org/education/aladin/paldin/pdf/course02/unit_14.pdf Bernstein, E. (2016). Organizational Behavior. (Harvard College) Retrieved from https://www.hbs.edu/: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/units/ob/Pages/default.aspx Carley, K. M., Dean Behrens. (1999). Organizational and Individual Decision Making. Carnegie Mellon University, Dept. of Social and Decision Sciences. Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.299.7619rep=rep1type=pdf HR Washington State team. (2012). Performance Planning and Evaluation . (DES) Retrieved from https://dop.wa.gov/: https://dop.wa.gov/WorkforceDataAndPlanning/EmployeePerformanceManagement/Pages/PerformancePlanningandEvaluation.aspx Management, U. O. (2016). Performance Management . Retrieved from https://www.opm.gov/: https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/performance-management/performance-management-cycle/#url=Rewarding Rathi, N. (2012, August 23). What is organization behaviour . (slideshare) Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net: https://www.slideshare.net/rahul9288/what-is-organization-behaviour Robin, D. P. (1967). An Input--Output Model of Employee Behavior. The Academy of Management Journal , 10(3), 257-268 . Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/255284 Successfactors Team. (2016). Importance of Performance Management Process Best Practices To Optimize Monitoring Performance Work Reviews/Feedback and Goal Management. Retrieved from https://www.successfactors.com/: https://www.successfactors.com/en_us/lp/articles/optimize-performance-management.html